Pavel Krivenko

Assistant Professor at Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, CUNY, New York 2018 -

PhD Stanford University 2018 (Committee: Martin Schneider, Monika Piazzesi, Gregor Jarosch, Robert Hall, Adrien Auclert)

MA New Economic School 2011, MA Higher School of Economics 2010, BA Higher School of Economics 2008

Resume

Academic CV

pavel.krivenko@gmail.com

I am an applied economist working in Finance, Macroeconomics, and Real Estate. My research studies the role of financial frictions, uncertainty, and heterogeneity in financial markets and in the real economy. In terms of tools, I use quantitative models with incomplete markets and heterogeneous agents and discipline these models with micro-data.

Publications

The Role of Moving Shocks, Unemployment, and Policy in Understanding Housing Bust [Working Paper] [JBF Version] [Slides]. Journal of Banking and Finance (Sep 2023)

I use panel data from the Survey of Consumer Finances to study the recent U.S. housing bust in a quantitative lifecycle model. In the model, households face two types of idiosyncratic shocks: income shocks and moving shocks. The income shocks produce the large and long-lasting impact of unemployment on future earnings documented in recent empirical work. The moving shocks are estimated from survey data on reasons for moving to match the characteristics of marginal buyers. Movers are younger, have lower wealth and less secure jobs, making them more sensitive to unemployment and credit conditions. Moving shocks amplify the quantitative importance of labor and credit channels that explain the observed decline in house prices and rise in foreclosures. The Home Affordable Modification Program helped stabilize prices and reduce foreclosures at a relatively small cost, working mainly as insurance against bad shocks to the most vulnerable households.

Asset prices in a labor search model with confidence shocks [Working Paper] [JEDC version] [Slides] [Poster]. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control (Jan 2023)

This paper studies a labor search model with agents who are averse to ambiguity (Knightian uncertainty). Shocks to confidence about future productivity are modeled as changes in ambiguity. Using the Survey of Professional Forecasters data, I find that confidence shocks help explain the equity premium and the stock market volatility, including their term structure. Ambiguity amplifies the response of the economy to productivity shocks, helping the model produce more realistic dynamics of unemployment, vacancies, tightness, stock prices, and returns. Returns in the model are predictable with price-dividend ratios; both returns and dividends are predictable with unemployment, like in the data. Two extensions consider shocks to bargaining power and to separation rate and find similar implications of ambiguity about these shocks.

Working Papers

Uncertainty or frictions? A quantitative model of scarce safe assets [Working Paper, 2024] [Slides 2025](with Cosmin Ilut and Martin Schneider).

Why did the real interest rate decline and the equity premium increase over the last 30 years? This paper assesses the role of uncertainty and credit market frictions. We quantify a model with heterogeneous households using data on asset prices and macro aggregates, as well as on households' debt and equity positions. We find that compensation for both uncertainty and frictions is reflected in asset prices. Moreover, a secular increase in frictions is important to understand jointly the decline in real rate and the relative scarcity of debt. Modeling uncertainty as ambiguity allows for tractable characterization of asset premia and precautionary savings effects in steady state.

The Effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on the Housing Market (with Kamila Sommer and Paul Sullivan). Reject and Resubmit, Journal of Public Economics

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) reduced the incentive for households to claim itemized deductions that subsidize homeownership and simultaneously lowered income tax rates. We use an equilibrium model to quantify the effects of the TCJA on house prices, homeownership, and welfare. The reform removes the tax subsidy to owner-occupied housing for most households, who now choose to claim the standard deduction. However, over-consumption of tax-subsidized housing by the remaining wealthy itemizers persists. Our results highlight the critical, yet surprisingly understudied, role of the standard deduction in determining the tax-favored status of owner-occupied housing, and through this channel, its effects on homeownership, consumption, and mortgage debt accumulation across the wealth and income distributions

Trade Policy during Financial Crises [Working Paper, 2022].

To match the observed patterns of trade policy over the business cycle, I study a menu-auction model of trade policy in which financial frictions give rise to unemployment. Firms face idiosyncratic liquidity shocks that force some of them into bankruptcy. Tariffs raise profits providing liquidity to overcome the shocks. Both equilibrium and optimal tariffs are hump-shaped in the size of the shocks: if shocks are small, tariffs rise (as compared to the no-shock case) to save employment; if shocks are large, tariffs fall to sweep away inefficient firms. The optimal policy encourages substitution by helping less affected industries create more jobs for the unemployed from other industries. The response to a crisis depends on the political regime: as compared to democracies, autocracies give more protection to industries that generate more profits and are at higher risk. The results also hold in a two-country extension of the model.

Work in progress

Student Loans, Housing, and Wealth Accumulation (with Alvaro Mezza, Kamila Sommer, and Paul Sullivan)

We study how rising tuition and various student loan policies affect households' decisions about housing, consumption, and saving for retirement. We consider such policies as targeted loan forgiveness and adjustments to income-driven repayment plans. We use a quantitative lifecycle model with a rich set of financial instruments and allows student loan conditions and income process to differ by education levels. We use unique, representative panel data which combine Transunion credit records with detailed educational histories of individuals.

The Effects of Working-from-Home on Labor Markets and Firm Valuations (with Christos Makridis)

This paper quantitatively investigates how the observed increase in working-from-home (WFH) across the U.S. industries affects employment, wages, output, and stock prices in these industries. We use a labor search model with industry heterogeneity and shirking in which higher WFH improves search efficiency but increases monitoring cost. We quantify the model using PayScale data.

Older projects

Reinforcement Learning, Approximate Dynamic Programming, and Asset Pricing in DSGE models [Slides] (with Evgeni Drynkin)

We develop a framework to study the dynamics of financial markets in a heterogeneous-agent setting with aggregate risk. Our baseline model features lifecycle choice, aggregate risk, and endogenous prices of stocks and bonds. Such models are currently missing from the literature because of the computational challenges that arise from the large state space and complex decision rules that are hard to approximate with standard tools. Approximate dynamic programming and reinforcement learning help address these challenges. We use samples to optimize performance when working with large state space. To deal with complex decision rules in large environments, we test a set of flexible function approximation techniques such as lasso regression, nearest neighbor estimator, random forest, and kernel estimators.

Equity premium with endogenous unemployment risk [Slides] (with Zhengyang Jiang)

Idiosyncratic, uninsurable labor income risk primarily in the form of unemployment risk plays a large role in macro models with asset pricing. We study a heterogeneous-agents labor search model with portfolio choice that links labor and asset markets. Unemployment risk gives rise to high equity premium mostly because the job finding rate is correlated with productivity. Additionally, there is feedback from asset pricing to job creation: high equity premium lowers incentives to post vacancies, which in turn lowers the job finding rate and gives rise to an even higher premium.

Migration and Growth

I develop a two-country model of idea flows based on Lucas (2009) and Lucas and Mall (2012). The countries differ in technology distribution, ability distribution, and population size. I study the dynamic consequences of voluntary migration between countries and show that migration does not necessarily help the convergence of GDP per capita or of growth rates (poverty traps and club convergence are possible). I consider three types of migration policies for the recipient country and find that (1) the optimal policy to maximize long-run growth is to invite immigrants whose ability is above the domestic average ability, and (2) the optimal policy to maximize GDP per capita is to invite the immigrants whose productivity is above the domestic average productivity.

Discussion slides

Housing Wealth and Overpayment: When Money Moves In (AREUEA)

Political Voice and (Mortgage) Market Participation: Evidence from Minority Disenfranchisement (NFA)

A Flexible Model for Spatial Volatility with an Application to Chicago Housing Market (MCRSA)

Valuation and Return: The Italian Housing Market 1927-2015 The Italian Housing Market 1927-2015 (AREUEA)

The reallocative effects of mobility restrictions on workers and firms: A West Bank application (UEA)

Machine Learning, Building Vintage and Property Values (ASSA)

Teaching

I teach Real Estate Finance and Investment (RES 3200) and Real Estate Capital Markets (RES 3400)

Real Estate Finance and Investment (RES 3200) Fall'21: Lecture Slides

Real Estate Capital Markets (RES 3400) Fall'24: Syllabus, Part 1: Introduction, Part 2: Mortgage Basics, Part2 Excel, Part3: MBS Intro, HW1Solution, HW2Solution, HW2Excel, Part4: MPT, Part 4 Excel, HW3Solution, HW3Excel, HW4Solution, HW4Excel, Midterm1Review, Part 5: CMO , Part 5 Excel, Part6: CMBS

Real Estate Capital Markets (RES 3400) Spring'25: Syllabus, Part 1: Introduction, Part 2: Mortgage Basics, Part 2 Excel, HW2Solution, HW2Excel, Part3: MBS Intro, Part4: MPT, Part4 Excel, Midterm 1 Review, Midterm1 Sample Solutions, Part5: CMO, Part5 Excel, Part6: CMBS

Extra reading materials

Open House Event - slides 2023

Commencement - one-minute video 2023

Advice for new students - five-minute video 2023

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Teaching Statement and Evaluations

In 2024, I designed a question for the International Economics Olympiad: see Question 1 here, solution here.

In 2019, I designed a question for the final stage of the All-Russian Olympiad in Economics: question and solution here (in Russian, please use AI to translate!)

Practice problems for high school students to learn Economics and Finance and prepare for Russian Economics Olympiad (in Russian language, please use AI to translate!)

Hobbies

I enjoy hiking and all kinds of climbing (rock, ice, mountain).

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